Antifungal activity of hydroxytyrosol enriched extracts from olive mill waste against Verticillium dahliae, the cause of Verticillium wilt of olive

Verticillium wilt (caused by dahliae Kleb.) is an important disease affecting olive (Olea europaea L.) production. Effective control of this relies on integrated management strategies. In vitro antifungal activity two hydroxytyrosol (HTyr) enriched extracts (HTE1 and HTE2) obtained from mill waste products (OMWP) was assessed against V. dahliae. Inhibitory effects pure HTyr as a standard, HTE1 HTE2 at different concentrations, were evaluated mycelium growth conidium germination Chemical characterization allowed identification quantification the main constituent in both along with other low molecular weight phenols. showed higher inhibitory At tested observed. After 3 d, 1 mg mL-1 gave greater inhibition than or HTyr. 24 h, 55% germination, 37% inhibition. This study has demonstrated that phenolic compounds derived OMWP have dahliae, indicating potential these for eco-friendly wilt.